高中语法教案(精华十七篇)
时间:2018-09-21 作者:工作汇报网高中语法教案(精华十七篇)。
✪ 高中语法教案
从句的定义:
从句(Subordinate Clause)是一个特殊句子,不能单独成句,但也有主语部分和谓语部分,从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。
如何理解上面的定义呢?其实这很简单。“从句”的“从”(subordinate),意思就是从属,附属;“句”就是指“句子”,那“从句”,顾名思义,就是“从属的句子”嘛。这里给大家打个不太恰当的比方。大家应该听说过澳洲的袋鼠。小袋鼠在一岁之前,必须借居在母袋鼠的袋子里才能存活。“从句”就像是不满一岁的小袋鼠,要依附于主句,在主句的保护下,才有存在的意义。
从句的分类:
根据从句在句子中的作用,从句可以分为以下几种:
名词性从句:从句在主句中的成分相当于名词,又被称为名词从句;
形容词性从句:从句在主句中的成分相当于形容词;起到限定修饰的作用,因而,又被称为定语从句;
副词性从句:从句在主句中的成分相当于副词,作状语,因而,又被称为状语从句。
根据从句在主句中所做的成分,名词性从句可以分为以下4种:
例如:
(1)That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.
海洋正在被人们过渡捕捞,许多年来这已是尽人皆知的事情了。
(2)I have learned that love, not time, heals all wounds.
我明白了是爱,而不是时间能治愈一切创伤。
(3)The reason for my return is that I left my keys behind.
我又回来,是因为我忘带钥匙了。
(4)An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.
她突然想到,她可以换个方法做实验。
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
(5)When television was first introduced, the extent to which it could affect human society could not have been foreseen.
人们发明电视的时候,并没能预见到它会对人类社会产生多大的影响。
(6)As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.
正如人们常常指出的,知识是一把双刃剑,既可以用于造福,也同样可以用来为害。
定语从句按照关系代词的不同,会有不同的情况。具体情况,以后的沪江英语教研课堂会继续讲到,欢迎大家继续关注沪江英语教研课堂系列>>。
状语从句可是个大家族,这里我们先来简单的看两个例子,了解一下。
(7)This is an illness that can result in total blindness if left untreated.
这种病不治疗的话,会导致患者完全失明。
(8)I was walking on the road when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.
当时我正在路上走,突然有人从后面拍了拍我的肩膀。
一路俯视下来,大家是不是对从句的框架有了一个较为清晰的了解呢?你对从句掌握得如何呢?下面有两个练习题,你能给出正确答案吗
1)Stopping pouring polluted water into the river is _____ the factory has to solve at present.
这是what引导的表语从句,其中what充当从句谓语solve的宾语。
译文:停止向河流中排放污水是现在工厂要解决的问题。
2)It is useful to be able to predict the extent _____ which a price change will affect supply and demand.
这里的to which 来自于固定搭配 to the extent。
译文:能够预测价格变动对供需的影响程度,是非常有用的。
✪ 高中语法教案
absencen.缺席,不在场,缺乏absorbvt.吸收,使专心
abstracta.抽象的n.摘要academica.学院的,学术的
accessn.接近,通道,入口accordinglyad.因此,依照
accountn.记述,解释,帐目accuratea.准确的,正确无误的
accusevt.指责,归咎于actorn.男演员
actressn.女演员actuala.实际的,现行的
adaptvt.使适应,改编admirevt.钦佩,羡慕,赞赏
admitvt.承认,准许…进入adoptvt.收养 高中政治,采用,采取
adultn.成年人a.成年的advancevi.前进,提高n.进展
adventuren.冒险,惊险活动affairn.事情,事件,事务
affectvt.影响,感动afterward(s)ad.后来,以后,随后
agentn.代理人,代理商agriculturen.农业,农艺,农学
aheadad.在前,向前,提前aidn.帮助,救护,助手
aimvi.瞄准,针对,致力aircraftn.飞机,飞行器
alarmn.惊恐,忧虑,警报albumn.集邮本,照相簿,唱片
alcoholn.酒精,乙醇altogetherad.完全,总而言之
amazevt.使惊奇,使惊愕ambitionn.雄心,抱负,野心
amountn.总数,数量,和amusevt.逗…乐,给…娱乐
analyzevt.分析,分解,解析ancestorn.祖宗,祖先
angern.怒,愤怒vt.使发怒anglen.角,角度
anniversaryn.周年纪念日announcevt.宣布,发表
annoyvt.使恼怒,打搅anxiousa.忧虑的,渴望的
anyhowad.无论如何apartad.相隔,分开,除去
apartmentn.一套公寓房间apologizevi.道歉,谢罪,认错
appearancen.出现,来到,外观applyvt.应用,实施,使用
appointmentn.任命,约定,约会appreciatevt.欣赏,领会,感谢
approachvt.向…靠近n.靠近architecturen.建筑学,建筑式样
arguevi.争论,争辩,辩论arrangevt.筹备,整理,调解
arrestvt.逮捕,拘留arrivaln.到达,到达者
artistn.艺术家,美术家ashn.灰,灰末,骨灰
ashameda.惭愧(的),羞耻(的)asidead.在旁边,到旁边
aspectn.方面,样子,外表assistantn.助手,助教
assumevt.假定,承担,呈现astonishvt.使惊讶,使吃惊
athleten.运动员atmospheren.大气,气氛
attachvt.缚,系,贴,附加attackvt.vi.n.攻击,进攻
attemptvt.尝试,试图n.企图attendvt.出席,照顾,护理
attituden.态度,看法,姿势attractvt.吸引,诱惑
audiencen.听众,观众authorn.作者,作家
availablea.可利用的,通用的averagen.平均数a.平均的
awardn.奖,奖品,判定awarea.知道的,意识到的
awfula.令人不愉快的
✪ 高中语法教案
Teaching Goals:
1.To enable Ss to know about the way to express possibility and improbability.2.To enable Ss to master the usage of “may”, “might”, and “likely”.3.To help Ss learn how to use modal verbs “may” and “might” to express conjecture.Teaching Procedures: Step 1.Revision
Check the answers to the Vocabulary exercises in the Workbook.Step ction 1.Ask Ss to do Activity 1 on page 54 and call back the answers.Then give them the correct answers.2.Ask Ss to identify the creatures in the pictures in Activity 4 on page 55, by using “may” or “might”.Arouse their interest in talking about possibility.3.Ask Ss to do Activity 2 on page 54 individually.Then check their answers.Step 3.Grammar
1.Leading-in
Ask Ss to work in groups and discuss the question in Activity 1 of Grammar on page 57.Then give them the right answer.2.Explanation
Explain how to use modal verbs to talk about something which happened in the past—perhaps.(1)对过去的事情进行猜测,但把握较小时,肯定形式一般用may have done,否定形式一般用may not have done。如:
He may have gone back home, because he didn’t say he would take part in her birthday party.He may not have paid for the bill, because he had lost his job.(2)对过去的事情进行猜测,但把握更小时,肯定形式一般用might have done,否定形式用might not have done。如:
They helped send her bat to the hospital;otherwise, she thought, the baby might have died.She might not have left home when I got to school.(3)对过去的事情进行猜测,并且可能性较大时,肯定形式一般用must have done,否定形式一般用can’t have done。如:
Your score is the highest;you must have studied very hard.You can’t have seen her in her office last Friday;she’s been out of town for two weeks.3.Practice Ask Ss to do Activity 2 on page 57.Then call back the answers and correct them.4.Supplements
Explain how to use modal verbs to talk about something which happened at present—perhaps.用来表猜测的情态动词有:must, can, may等,但它们所表示可能性是不同的。(1)对现在的事情进行猜测,并且可能性较大时,肯定形式一般用must加动词原形,此时,must不再表示“必须”,而是表示“肯定”;否定形式一般用can’t加动词原形,此时,can不再表示“能够”,而是表示“肯定不„„”。如:
I saw him go out just now.He can’t be in his own room.It must be Linda in the classroom, because she is on duty today.(2)对现在的事情进行猜测,但把握较小时,肯定形式一般用may加动词原形,此时,may不再表示“可以”,而是表示“可能”;否定形式一般用may not加动词原形。如:
He may tell the truth to his father.She may not angry because she is good-tempered.(3)对现在的事情进行猜测,但把握更小时,肯定形式一般用might加动词原形;否定形式一般用might not加动词原形。如:
She might not be angry because she usually is very patient.He might be at home now, but I’m not sure.(4)情态动词+动词现在进行时,表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。如: At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.Doctor Wang isn’t here.He might be giving a lecture in the hall.(5)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时,表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。如: Your mother must have been looking for you.The light was on the whole night.He may have been doing his homework all the time.nsolidation
Ask Ss to translate the following sentences.(1)他们也许错过了那班飞机。
(2)快点!他们正在机场等我们。
(3)Tom是个诚实的孩子。他今晚可能会把真相告诉他父亲。
(4)他五年前来看过我,他也许不费劲就能找到我的住处。Step 4.Homework
1.Ask Ss to review Grammar.2.Ask Ss to finish Grammar exercises in the Workbook pages 97~98.
✪ 高中语法教案
高中英语语法归纳讲解
宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:
a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。
b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2. 作介词的宾语,例如:
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
3. 作形容词的宾语,例如:
I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. it 可以作为形式宾语
it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:
正确表达:I admire their winning the match.
错误表达:I admire that they won the match.
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句”结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:
正确表达:He impressed the manager as an honest man.
错误表达:He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.
7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:
I don't think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如:
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can't get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:
1) The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
✪ 高中语法教案
一、
在高中语法教学中,语法课件的使用日益重要。语法作为语言的基本规则,是学生学习语言的基础。语法课件通过图文并茂的方式,生动具体地展示了语法知识,有助于学生理解和掌握语法规则。本文将详细介绍高中语法课件的设计和运用,以提高语法教学的效果。
二、语法课件的设计原则
1. 目标明确性
语法课件的设计应明确学习目标,确保学生能够准确理解和运用所学的语法知识。在每个课件的开头,应明确写出本课件的学习目标,例如“了解和运用常用句型”、“掌握动词时态等。
2. 结构清晰性
语法课件的结构应清晰有序,遵循从简单到复杂的原则。可以按照语法知识的重要性和难易程度,将课件分为不同的模块,有助于学生逐步理解和掌握语法规则。例如,可以先介绍简单句的基本结构,然后再引入复合句的构造。
3. 图文并茂
语法课件应以图文并茂的形式呈现语法知识。通过图片、动画、示例等多媒体元素的运用,可以生动地展示语法规则,增加学生的兴趣,提高学习效果。例如,可以用动画形象地展示动词时态的变化规律。
4. 实用性
语法课件的设计应注重实用性,强调语法知识的应用能力培养。通过例句训练、语法错误辨析等活动,引导学生运用所学的语法知识,加深对语法规则的理解。例如,可以设计一些句子改错的练习,让学生发现并纠正语法错误。
三、语法课件的具体设计
1. 介绍基本句型
语法课件的第一个模块可以介绍基本的句型结构,包括主语、谓语、宾语等成分。通过形象的图片展示,让学生能够清晰地理解句子的结构和成分的作用。可以设计一些练习,让学生判断句子中的成分,并进行句子的构造。
2. 动词时态变化规律
语法课件的第二个模块可以介绍动词时态的变化规律。通过图文并茂的方式,展示动词在不同时态下的变化形式,并给出一些实例。可以设计一些填空练习,让学生根据句意和语境选择正确的动词时态。
3. 名词的分类和用法
语法课件的第三个模块可以介绍名词的分类和用法。通过图片展示不同类别的名词,如可数名词、不可数名词等,并讲解它们在句子中的不同用法。可以设计一些选择题,让学生判断句子中名词的使用是否正确。
4. 形容词和副词的用法
语法课件的第四个模块可以介绍形容词和副词的用法。通过图片和示例展示形容词和副词的修饰作用,以及它们在句子中的位置。可以设计一些排序题,让学生根据句意和语法规则对形容词和副词的位置进行排序。
四、语法课件的运用
1. 课堂展示
语法课件可以在课堂上进行展示,通过图文并茂的方式引导学生理解和掌握语法知识。教师可以根据课件的内容展开讲解,引导学生参与讨论和练习,加深对语法规则的理解。
2. 自主学习
语法课件可以作为学生自主学习的工具,供学生在课后进行复习和巩固。学生可以通过观看课件,自行消化语法知识,通过练习和答疑加深对语法规则的理解。
3. 评估
语法课件可以作为学生学习成果的评估工具。可以设计一些与课件内容相关的选择题、填空题等形式的测试,通过测验学生的语法水平,了解他们对语法规则的掌握程度。
五、
高中语法课件的设计和运用对于提高语法教学效果至关重要。设计合理的语法课件,不仅能够生动具体地展示语法知识,增加学生的学习兴趣,还能够加深对语法规则的理解和掌握。教师和学生在使用语法课件时,应注意课件的目标明确性、结构清晰性、图文并茂以及实用性,以达到更好的教学效果。通过语法课件的设计和运用,可以有效提高高中语法教学的质量和效果。
✪ 高中语法教案
引导词:so...that(如此、以至于、),such...that(如此、以至于、),so that(结果是),with the result that(所以,结果是)
注意:(1)so...that与such...that的区别
So+形容词such+a/an+形容词+单数名词
So+形容词+a/an+单数名词such+形容词+复数名词
So+副词such+形容词+不可数名词
So many/few+复数名词
So much/little+不可数名词
(2)so that引导的目的状语从句与so that 引导的结果状语从句
目的状语从句一般使用情态动词,结果状语从句一般不使用情态动词;
结果状语从句常常用逗号与主句分开。
(3)so...that与so...as;such...that与such...as
So...that/such...that为结果状语从句;so...as/such...as为定语从句。
✪ 高中语法教案
高中英语语法整理总结
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。
顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。
7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等。
句子的类型:
1.主语+谓语 2.主语+谓语+状语
3.主语+谓语+宾语
4.主语+系动词+表语
5.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
6.主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
7.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
高中英语常见语法错误列举分析
[导读] 本文将对高中英语常见语法错误进行列举分析,近年来,随着课程新标准的颁布,高中英语的改革不断深化,系统的语法学习显得越来越重要。一个好的语法基础无疑会高效率地帮助学生清楚地了解句子结构,规范语言的实际运用并使之富有逻辑性,同时提高语言功底以及融会贯通和理解能力。
本文将对高中英语常见语法错误进行列举分析,近年来,随着课程新标准的颁布,高中英语的改革不断深化,系统的语法学习显得越来越重要。一个好的语法基础无疑会高效率地帮助学生清楚地了解句子结构,规范语言的实际运用并使之富有逻辑性,同时提高语言功底以及融会贯通和理解能力。同时,高考中对语法的考查也呈现出新特点:单纯的语法规则测试题减少,而代之以语法加语境,语法加上下文,语法加比较辨析等三个方面的题目。我们的语法学习也应该顺应这个潮流。从易犯错误的地方入手,无疑是系统学习语法,应对高考新特点的最好切入点。
下面笔者依据近年的高考试题,总结了英语学习中易犯的一些错误:
一.词法方面
词法方面,词语的辨析成为现今高考命题的重点,对考生来说也是一大难点。其综合性越来越强,很多题目要根据上下文,反复比较才能做出正确判断。这也提醒我们学习词语时,要关注它的多个意思,同时不要死记硬背,要在具体的语言环境里灵活地学习和掌握。
1.____ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)A.With B.Besides C.As for D.Because of 本题说的是:因为担心两门考试,这个周末我不得不拼命学习。句意很简单明了,besides“除了”,as for“至于”两个选项很容易排除,因此许多同学根据字面意思选择了错误选项D。错误的原因是because of后边不能接复合宾语,而正确答案A项构成的with独立结构也可表原因。所谓with独立结构是指with+名词(或代词)+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语
2.----Do you like____ here?----Oh , yes.The air, the weather, the way of life.Everything is so nice.(2004 全国一)A.this B.these C.that D.it 很多同学看到The air, the weather, the way of life,以为这么多东西,当然应该是these了,从而误选了B。此处it指代这些东西,同时对应了Everything。正确答案是D 二.动词的时态
动词的时态依然是亘古不变的重点。时态的考查也不再局限于过去时,过去完成进行时等也开始出现在考卷上。这一类题目中,理解其所给的语境成为答对题目的关键。另外,试题中还故意设计出了一些陷阱:如经常出现在某一种时态中的时间状语放在另一种时态里。考生极易犯思维定式的错误,所以,务必认真审题也变得非常重要。
1.The crazy fans____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.(2004重庆)A were waiting B.had been waiting C.had waited D.would wait 这道时态题难度不小,从题目中的场景可知,空格处的“等待”动作应发生在“arrived”之前,即过去的过去,所以应用过去完成时;同时“for two hours”这个时间状语告诉我们该句强调的是动作在过去一直持续进行。综合二者,我们选择一个最佳答案:过去完成进行时。答案为:B 2.It is said in the book that Thomas Edison(1847-1931)____the world leading inventor for sixty years.(2004辽宁)A.would be B.has been C.had been D.was 此题难度较大,无数考生拜倒在其脚下。错误的原因是:看到for sixty years,再加上前面用了一般现在时的动词is,便以为是现在完成时,所以选择B。殊不知题目中给出的是一段过去的时间(1847-1931),而一般过去时也可以用以描述过去的一段时间的事实。所以答案是D:爱迪生过去曾经连续60年是世界上发明创造界的领袖。
三.三大类从句
对于从句的把握,不仅对语法题目意义重大,对写作也大有裨益。要弄明白名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句三者的区别和联系,要了解各自的引导词以及引导的句子种类,从本质上把握它们。
1.A modern city has been set up in____ was a wasteland ten years ago.(2004 天津)A.what B.which C.that D.where 此题解答时,易把汉语的习惯移植进去:十年前曾是一片废墟的地方,从而误选D。本题中,空格及空格后面的部分共同做介词in的宾语。而在这个宾语从句中,空格部分又要做主语。毫无疑问,where是副词的性质,从来只能做状语,决不可能做主语。同时本题有没有给定一个供选择的范围,所以排除了which。正确答案是A 四.分词
分词使我们中国学生最头疼的语法点知识。很多学生读了研究生后依然搞不清楚现在分词和过去分词。其实,只要适当的加以分类和记忆,便能迅速地理情头绪,并彻底掌握它。1.-----such a good chance, he planed to learn more.A.To be given B.Having been given C.Having given D.Giving 该题有三个关键点:主语he,谓语动作plan,非谓语动作give;he与give之间很显然是被动关系,所以排除表主动的现在分词C和D;give这个动作明显在谓语动作plan之前,所以选择完成式B 2.-----time, he will make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given 该题的三个关键点:主语he,谓语动作make,非谓语动作give:he与give之间同样是被动关系,而ABC均为主动,所以选D。该题如果增加难度,可以加入一个迷惑选项:被动完成式having been given,此项也不可选,因为完成式必须表示动作已发生过;本题中动作只是一种假设,尚未发生。
高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词
[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:
情态动词的语法特征 1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2)情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
比较can 和be able to 1)cancould 表示能高考资源网力;可能(过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2)只用be able to a.位于助动词后。
b.情态动词后。
c.表示过去某时刻动作时。
d.用于句首表示条件。
e.表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意:could不表示时态
1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
---Could I have the television on?---Yes, you can./ No, you can't.2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。
比较may和might 1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
May God bless you!He might be at home.注意: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2)成语: may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为“不妨”。
If that is the case, we may as well try.典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will 答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。
比较have to和must 1)两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.3)在否定结构中: don't have to表示“不必” mustn't表示“禁止”,You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
must表示推测
1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。
2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较:
He must be staying there.他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there.他必须呆在那。
3)must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。
4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。---Why didn't you answer my phone call?---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.5)否定推测用can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。
表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:
1)情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3)情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。
情态动词+have+过去分词
1)may(might)have + done sth, can(could)have + done sth表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may(might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can(could)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2)must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”,“谅必”的意思。
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.---She must have gone by bus.3)ought to have done sth, should have done sth 本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。
You ought to(should)have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4)needn't have done sth本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so.The weather was hot.5)would like to have done sth本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.should和ought to should 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思,可用于各种人称。---Ought he to go?---Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求,命令时,语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。
had better表示最好
had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold.You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为“本来最好”。
You had better have come earlier.would rather表示“宁愿” would rather do would rather not do would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home.= I would stay here rather than go home.高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格
[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:
(一): 独立高考资源网主格结构的构成:
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;名词(代词)+形容词;名词(代词)+副词;名词(代词)+不定式;名词(代词)+介词短语构成。
(二)独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例:
The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。He came into the room, his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
With的复合结构
表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood there, with his hand raise.典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A.being tiedB.having tiedC.to be tiedD.tied 答案D.with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词“手”与分词“绑”是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.注意: 1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题: 当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.(hand前不能加his)。
2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.典型例题:
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.A permittedB permittingC permitsD for permitting 答案B.本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk.然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可
高中英语语法专项复习之主谓一致
[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之主谓一致进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,主谓一致是指:
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之主谓一致进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,主谓一致是指:
1)语法形式上高考资源网要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.并列结构作主语谓语用复数
Reading and writing are very important.注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.典型例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were 答案B.注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。
主谓一致中的靠近原则
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保
crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。His family isn't very large.他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around? 3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.与后接名词或代词保持一致
1)用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。
Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2)在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
Many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市
高中英语语法总结大全之状语从句
地点状语从句
地点状高考资源网语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法
[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。
2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。
(错)He is an ill man.(对)The man is ill.(错)She is an afraid girl.(对)The girl is afraid.这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:
something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词
1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。
改错:(错)She sang lovely.(错)He spoke to me very friendly.(对)Her singing was lovely.(对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.用形容词表示类别和整体
1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry The poor are losing hope.2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of humor.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:
限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--出处--材料性质,类别--名词
a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例题: 1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.A.little two otherB.two little otherC.two other littleD.little other two 答案:C。由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--性质--名词”的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。
2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stoneC.old stone ChineseD.Chinese stone old 答案A.几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3)----How was your recent visit to Qingdao?----It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.A.few last sunnyB.last few sunnyC.last sunny fewD.few sunny last 答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠
近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表:
限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+ those + three + beautiful + large + square 新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词
old + brown + wood + table
高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法
[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。
2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。
(错)He is an ill man.(对)The man is ill.(错)She is an afraid girl.(对)The girl is afraid.这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:
something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词
1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。
改错:(错)She sang lovely.(错)He spoke to me very friendly.(对)Her singing was lovely.(对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.用形容词表示类别和整体 1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry The poor are losing hope.2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。
the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of humor.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:
限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--出处--材料性质,类别--名词
a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例题: 1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.A.little two otherB.two little otherC.two other littleD.little other two 答案:C。由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--性质--名词”的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。
2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stoneC.old stone ChineseD.Chinese stone old 答案A.几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3)----How was your recent visit to Qingdao?----It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.A.few last sunnyB.last few sunnyC.last sunny fewD.few sunny last 答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠
近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表:
限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+ those + three + beautiful + large + square 新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 old + brown + wood + table
高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词
[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:
情态动词的语法特征
1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2)情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
比较can 和be able to 1)cancould 表示能高考资源网力;可能(过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2)只用be able to a.位于助动词后。
b.情态动词后。
c.表示过去某时刻动作时。
d.用于句首表示条件。
e.表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意:could不表示时态
1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
---Could I have the television on?---Yes, you can./ No, you can't.2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。
比较may和might 1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
May God bless you!He might be at home.注意: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2)成语: may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为“不妨”。
If that is the case, we may as well try.典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will 答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。
比较have to和must 1)两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.3)在否定结构中: don't have to表示“不必” mustn't表示“禁止”,You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
must表示推测
1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。
2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。比较:
He must be staying there.他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there.他必须呆在那。
3)must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。
4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.5)否定推测用can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。
表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:
1)情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3)情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。
情态动词+have+过去分词
1)may(might)have + done sth, can(could)have + done sth表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may(might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can(could)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2)must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”,“谅必”的意思。
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.---She must have gone by bus.3)ought to have done sth, should have done sth 本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。You ought to(should)have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4)needn't have done sth本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so.The weather was hot.5)would like to have done sth本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.should和ought to should 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思,可用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go?---Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求,命令时,语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。
had better表示最好
had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold.You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为“本来最好”。
You had better have come earlier.would rather表示“宁愿” would rather do would rather not do would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home.= I would stay here rather than go home.高中英语语法专项复习之代词
[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之代词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的学习有所帮助:
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之代词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的学习有所帮助:
人称代词的用法
1)人称代词的主高考资源网格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如:
John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。
说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如:
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如:
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾 语,them做介词宾语,her作主语补语)a.--Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶? b.--Me.--我。(me作主语补语= It's me.)说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。
人称代词之主、宾格的替换
1)宾格代替主格
a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not 后,多用宾语。
----I like English.--我喜欢英语。
----Me too.--我也喜欢。
----Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗?----Not me.--我可不要了。
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.He is taller than I am.2)主格代替宾格
a.在介词but,except 后,有时可用主格代替宾格。
b.在电话用语中常用主格。
----I wish to speak to Mary.--我想和玛丽通话。
----This is she.--我就是玛丽。
注意:在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
I thought it was she.我以为是她。(主格----主格)I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格)I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格)They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格----宾格)代词的指代问题
1)不定代词 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone,someone,everyone,no one,及whoever和person在正式场合使用时,可用he, his, him代替。
Nobody came, did he?谁也没来,是吗? 2)动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替,有时也用he, she,带有亲切的感情色彩。
Give the cat some food.She is hungry.给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。3)指代车或国家,船舶的名词,含感情色彩时常用she。
并列人称代词的排列顺序
1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:
第二人称-> 第三人称-> 第一人称
you-> he/she;it-> I You, he and I should return on time.2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:
第一人称-> 第二人称-> 第三人称
we->you->They 注意: 在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面。
a.在承认错误,承担责任时,It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。
b.在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称,如:I and you try to finish it.c.并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时,d.当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。
物主代词
1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用,例如:
John had cut his finger;apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
物主代词有形容词性(my, your等)和名词性(mine, yours等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s属格结构,例如:
Jack's cap意为 The cap is Jack's.His cap 意为 The cap is his.2)名词性物主代词的句法功能
a.作主语,例如:
May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。
b.作宾语,例如:
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
c.作介词宾语,例如:
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的意义去解释。
d.作主语补语,例如:
The life I have is yours.It's yours.It's yours.我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。
双重所有格
物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。
公式为:
a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如:
a friend of mine.each brother of his.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 反身代词
1)列表 Iyouyoushehe myselfyourselfyourselvesherselfhimself wetheyitone ourselvesthemselvesitselfoneself 2)做宾语
a.有些动词需有反身代词
absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。
Please help yourself to some fish.请你随便吃点鱼。
b.用于及物动词+宾语+介词
take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.I could not dress(myself)up at that time.那个时候我不能打扮我自己。
注:有些动词后不跟反身代词,get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。
Please sit down.请坐。
3)作表语;同位语 be oneself: I am not myself today.我今天不舒服。
The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。
4)在不强调的情况下,but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如:
No one but myself(me)is hurt.注意:
a.反身代词本身不能单独作主语。
(错)Myself drove the car.(对)I myself drove the car.我自己开车。
b.但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语。
Charles and myself saw it.5)第二人称作宾语,要用反身代词。
You should be proud of yourself.你应为自己感到骄傲。
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 相互代词
1)相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的,例如: It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.显而易见,不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。
2)相互代词的句法功能:
a.作动词宾语;People should love one another.人们应当彼此相爱。
b.可作介词宾语;Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other.吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。
说明:传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other,存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例也很多,例如:
He put all the books beside each other.他把所有书并列摆放起来。
He put all the books beside one another.他把所有书并列摆放起来。
Usually these small groups were independent of each other.这些小团体通常是相互独立的。
c.相互代词可加-'s构成所有格,例如:
✪ 高中语法教案
第8单元 动词(一)
(一)动词的种类
动词是表示动作或状态的词,按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词,连系动词,助动词和情态动词。 1.行为动词
行为动词可分为及物动词(vt)和不及物动词(vi),及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能单独作谓语,后跟宾语;不及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能单独作谓语,但后面不能直接跟宾语,如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。『例』More and more people study English.(vt) The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)
2.连系动词
连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。『例』 Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. It feels damp.
3.助动词
助动词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示否定,疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征,助动词有be,do,have,shall,will等。『例』 How do you usually come to school? The children are playing yo-yo now.
4.情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有can(could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。『例』 Can I help you?-Must we go now? –No, you needn’与be able to的用法有所区别。can只用于一般现在时和过去时,指本身有能力的“能”;be able to用于各种时态均可,指须经过努力而“能”。
与have/has to的用法。must表示说话人主观认为“必须”,只用于一般现在时和一般将来时;have/has to表示客观需要,意为“不得不”,它可用于各种时态。 c.need和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。
(二)动词不定式
动词不定式to do没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语,但可以和助动词或情态动词构成谓语,又可以在句子中作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、主语、表语等。但它毕竟是动词,因此,具有动词的许多特点,如它可以有自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
1.作主语:
『例』To learn English is very important. 但实际上不定式作主语常用it来作形式主语,而将不定式移至谓语动词后作真正的主语。如上句可表达为:It's very important to learn English.
2.作表语:
『例』 My idea is to ring him up at once.
3.作宾语:
『例』 I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.
4.作宾语补足语:
, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语。『例』The policemen asked him to get off the bus.
, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
『例』 We often see Mi Li clean the claroom.
, make, have这些使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中这些不带to的都须带上to。
『例』In those days the boes often made the workers work day and 动词help接动词不定式作宾语补足语,可带to也可不带to。『例』Can you help me(to)carry the heavy bag?
5.作定语。
a.与被修饰词有动宾关系。如:I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式动词为不及物动词,后面的介词千万不要省略。
『例』 Maybe they have three rooms to live in. b.与被修饰词有主谓关系。
『例』 Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave. c.与被修饰之间只有修饰关系。
『例』 I have no time to play cards.
6.作状语,表示目的、原因、方法、方向、结果等。『例』 I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.
7.不定式复合结构“for do sth” 作主语时,常用“It is +adj+ for do sth” 的句式。It is interesting(difficult, hard, easy, important, dangerous, important, poible, late , time)for sb to do sth.『例』It's dangerous for you to ride so fast. It's very kind of you to help is interesting for us to read this ’s late for me to have is important for her to stay at school.形容词good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever, right, wrong, careful等用“It is +adj +of do sth.” It is kind(nice good careful carele)of sb to do sth.其他形容词用for。『例』 It is very kind of you to give me a is carele of him to do .动词不定式与疑问句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等连用。『例』I don't know when to start.= I don't know when we'll start. He didn't tell me where to go.=He didn't tell me where he would don’t know where to knew who(whom)to wants to know what to want to know why to stand there.
I didn’t know how to when to you know how to answer this question? 注意:
a.有些动词或动词短语不能带不定式,只能接动词的-ing形式。
如:enjoy, finish, keep, mind, mi(错过),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。『例』 The peasants are busy picking apples. Would you mind my opening the door?
b.有些动词后可接不定式,也可接动词的-ing形式,但意思不同。『例』 Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(该寄但还没做) Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已经寄过信了)
They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作) They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)
9.不定式的否定形式:
在to 前加not.(not to do sth.)
『例』 Ask her not to speak found people not to throw it the students not to make much , make, have,had better=’d better,will you please= would you please= could you
please(跟动词原形,否定式是在第二个动词原形前加not)
『例』 Let’s me Feng made the baby stop ’t have them be in had better turn the radio you please sweep the floor?
Let us not him not shout ’d better not come (Would)you please not follow me? Could you please not tell me about it?
和hope 的用法:
希望做某事: hope to do sth. wish to do sth.希望某人做某事: wish sb to do sth hope+that 宾语从句 『例』 It hope to get an English wish to stay here.(你希望留在这。)We hope(that)we can see you again.= We hope to see you again.
✪ 高中语法教案
音标:
[?i] 发这个音的字母和字母组合oi oy oi: oil coin oy: boy toy [au] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ou ow ou: house mouse mouth trousers ow: flower how now down 语法:数词
(表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。)
一、基数词
基数词写法和读法
二、序数词
序数词的缩写形式:
first 第一 1st second 第二 2nd third 第三 3rd fourth 第四 4th fifth 第五 5th sixth 第六 6th seventh 第七 7th eighth 第八 ninth 第九 tenth 第十
Twentieth 第二十 thirty-first—31st 基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:
a.与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人;
b.在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;
如:They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到达了。c.表示"几十岁";
d.表示"年代",用 in +the +数词复数; e.在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is(are)fifteen.规律:
1)从1-12分别由从one到twelve12个各不相同的词表示。
2)从13-19均以后缀-teen结尾。13,thirteen, 15 fifteen,18,eighteen要特殊来记。
3)从20-90的整十数词均以后缀-ty结尾。表示“几十几”时,个位和十位之间需加连字符,如twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three等。4)数字的写法和读法:
⑴十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”;
⑵百位和十位之间要加and;
⑶三位数以上的数,从个位往前数,每三位数加一个逗号“,”,从后往前数的第一个逗号代表thousand,第二个逗号代表million,第三个逗号是billion,注意这几个词不能用复数形式,后也不能加and。
5)表示具体、准确的数目时,hundred, thousand, million等后不能加-s, 如five hundred, six thousand, seven million等。
6)当hundred, thousand等数词与of连用,表示不具体、不准确的数目时,词尾须加-s。如:thousands of students, millions of trees.三:数词的用法
1.表示事物的编号:如:the ninth part=part nine 第九部分 the Fourth Leon = Leon Four 第四课
The sixth paragraph= paragraph six 第六段
2.表示年月日: “年”用基数词,“日用序数词”。
例如:1949年10月1日—写法:Oct..1, 1949.读做: Oct.(the)first, nineteen 年3月28日—写法:March 27, 2009.读作: March,(the)twenty-seventh, two thousand and 用数词表示分数,分子用基数词,分母用序数词;如果分子大于1,分母要用 复数。1/2: one-second 3/4 three-fourths, 2/5 表示“加减乘除”:
15+2=? How much is fifteen plus two? 8-7=? How much is eight minus seven? 12×12=?How much is twelve times twelve? 81÷9=? How much is
eighty-one divided by nine? 5.“基数词-名词-形容词”结构
“基数词-名词-形容词”只能用来放到名词前作定语。如: She is a 3-year-old live in a 7-store-high building.注:这种结构中名词不能用复数,同时只能作定语。用作表语时,不用连字符,名词有复数。
Tony is 10 years old this is a 10-year-old 表示某人“几十岁”,用基数词的复数形式。如:in one’s thirties 三十多岁 7.表示“几个半” 英语中表达“几个半”有两种方法:“数词+and+ a half+名词(复数)”和“数 词+名词(复数)+and a 表示倍数
once,twice,three times 练习:
dick, it is the ________ time in ________ days that you’ve made the same ,three ,three ,third ,third
It is said that the gravity(引力)on the Mars(火星)is only about __________ of the gravity on the -eighths -eighth -eights -eight
Hundred,thousand,million,billion等单位数词
-How many people will come to Beijing next year? -It’s hard to say, ________ people, I of millions of millions of
这是他第四次帮我摆脱困境。
This is his ______time to help me out of trouble
✪ 高中语法教案
一、教案的主要构成部分
1、教学对象:年级、国别、人数
2、课型:综合课、听力课、阅读课等
3、教学内容:什么教材、哪一课
4、教学目标:知识、技能
5、教学难点与重点
6、教学方法
7、板书设计
8、教学时间
9、教具
10、教学步骤
二、教学步骤部分
1、组织教学
2、复习旧课
3、学习新课
学习新课部分需要重点撰写。需包括:
1)生词
2)课文
3)重点词语讲解(词义+具体讲解的方法与步骤)
4)重点语法讲解(语法点的意义+具体讲解方法与步骤)
5)练习
6)本课小节
7)布置作业
三、设计教案时需要重点考虑的几个因素
1、考虑教学大纲要求,根据本课内容以及学生水平,主要从知识、技能等方面制定明确具体的目标。
2、难点与重点:根据学生水平,参考教学内容,明确学生学习的难点,确定教学重点。
3、方法需灵活多样,根据教学内容和学生特点,合理应用多种教学技巧与方法,同时注意增强应变能力。
4、重点词语与语法点:首先需科学地选出该课的重点词语与语法点;其次,选用确定合适的教学方法进行讲练;最后运用多种形式进行练习巩固。
5、科学地分配时间,精心策划,分配每个环节所需要的时间。
✪ 高中语法教案
一、表义务,“必须”。例如:
You must talk to them about their study. 你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。
二、在否定结构中表不许。例如:
You mustn't leave here. 你不能离开这儿。
三、表推测,暗含有很大的可能性。例如:
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。
注意:之前我们说过 may 也可以表猜测,但是 may 暗含的可能性较小,must 暗含的可能性较大。另外否定的猜测是用can't。例如:
The baby can't be ill. He is so active. 那宝宝不大可能是病了。他那么活跃。
四、表不可避免,“必然要,必定会”。例如:
All men must die. 人总有一死。
五、表主张,“坚持要,一定要”。例如:
If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你坚持要走,至少也要等雨停了再走。
六、关于 must 的简短回答:
-Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫膳厅吗?
-Yes, you must. 是的。
-No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不必马上打扫。
✪ 高中语法教案
1、shall的用法
(1)shall用于第一、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
(2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
(3)用于所有人称,表示规章、法令、预言等,可译为“必须”。
2、should的用法
(1)表示义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等,意为“应该”。
(2)表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性,意为“可能,该”(肯定的语气没有must表推测时强)。
(3)多用于疑问句中,表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事。
(4)ought to和should的比较
A、ought to也可以表示推论、可能性,和should用法一样。
B、在省略回答中,ought to中的to可以省略。
C、should和ought to表示做正确的事情或理应做的事情。
be supposed to 意为“被期望,应该”,表示被期望发生或根据安排、要求做某事,或认为做某事是正常的。
✪ 高中语法教案
纯空格题的解题技巧
技巧一:若判断为介词则需考虑:
(1 )介词的基本用法;
(2 )固定搭配。
例9:In short, I believe that it is___ great use to keep a dairy in (of )
例10:It was in this very room that I gave birth___ Linda seventeen years (to)
技巧二:若判断为代词则需找出代词所指代的名词,根据其在句中所充当的成分确定用哪个代词。
如果空格后是名词,就应该考虑空格处是否用物主代词(my,your,his等)、指示代词(this, that等)、不定代词(few,little, many),所有格或形容词等进行修饰。
例 11: The little girl loved god so much that ___(her) wants to stay with it all day (she)
如果空格前是动词,就应考虑用人称代词和反身代词。
例12 : God helps those who help___ . ( themselves )
“it”作形式主语及形式宾语。
例13: The professor considers___ no good reading without (it)
技巧三:若判断为冠词则需考虑(1)如果空格后是单数可数名词,就应该考虑空格处是否需要填不定冠词(a ,an);(2)如果空格后是序数词、最高级或上文提到过的人或物等时,就应该考虑空格处是否需要填定冠词(the);
(3)还有一些固定搭配需要注意。
例14:Tom,___ 8 -year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee (an)
例15:He is ___ tallest in his (the)
另外,若判断是主从复合句,然后根据各类从句的特点,结合连接词的意义和用法,确定填具体的某个引导词。空格前是名词,其后为定语从句或同位语从句;空格前是及物动词,其后为宾语从句;空格前是系动词,其后为表语从句;空格在句首,此从句为主语从句或状语从句。
例16 : Anybody____ breaks the laws will be ( who)
✪ 高中语法教案
教学目标: 1.了解感知动词过去分词做宾语补足语。
2.记忆能在其后加宾补的常用动词。
3.学会使用过去分词做宾补。
学习重点:过去分词做宾补的使用。
考纲规定:过去分词做宾补是高考必考的内容之一。出现的形式主要以单项选择题为主,在阅读,完型等题目当中也有所体现。
学习内容;能够接过去分词作宾补的三类动词:
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
2. 表示“致使,使役”意义的动词。如:have, make, get, keep, leave等。
3. 表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如:like, order, want, wish, expect等后用 “vt + ( to be )+pp”。
4,做各种形式的习题让学生了解并使用这一语法现象。
语法分析:这一语法现象并不是很难,但是很常用,无论在日常的阅读过程中,还是在将来高考的时候都可以见到,所以不可不学,但也不必死学,毕竟重点和难点是练习使用这种语法。所以出题时,既要有代表性,又要前连后衔,触类旁通,举一反三。
学情分析:高二的学生已经具备一定自主学习能力,所以在教学设计时,要考虑充分发挥他们的主观能动性,让他们做学习的主人,老师只是给予适当的点拨和纠正,就可以顺利完成学习任务。
学习方法:自主学习,合作探究。
辅助教具:多媒体
教学设计理念:呈现,练习,成果。(3p)
教学过程:1. 导入。呈现课文中出现的过去分词作宾补的句子,让学生找出这几个句子的共同点,并归纳语法现象。
2. 过去分词作宾补表示的意义。组织学生们自己读,自己记,同桌间互相检查,老师抽查。
3.习题练习:1)用所给单词的正确形式填空。学生两人一组合作完成,各小组派一人起来说出答案。
2)单项选择题,共10个题。学生四人一组,合作讨论,探究结果,展示汇报,学生评判,陈述理由。
3)高考链接。选择2-4个比较简单的高考真题让学生试做,初步感受高考出题思路。
4)处理学案上的习题,加深过去分词做宾语补足语的`理解和应用。
4. 作业。笔头总结过去分词做宾语补足语的意义,并做相关练习。
篇二:《语法》说课稿
《英语语法》
----- 李明生
1.课程定位与目标
1.1课程定位与作用
课程的定位 :英语语法课程是商务英语专业的专业基础课
课程的作用:英语语法是高职高专英语专业低年级学生必修的一门基础课程。英语语法研究英语语言的内部规律,揭示英语语言的本质,总结英语语言的规律。本课程旨在系统地教授英语语法的基本理论和基础知识,使得学生能够准确理解、规范运用英语语言,为高年级进一步学习英语打下坚实的语言基础。
与其他课程的关系:前导课程
1.2 课程目标
知识目标:学生能够掌握英语句子结构、名词、冠词等词类及其用法,并且能够掌握英语复合句的分类和用法。
能力目标:本课程的教学目的主要是通过传授完整的英语语法知识,使学生学会运用语法规则指导语言实践,提高实际运用英语的能力。经过本课程的学习,学生将对英语语法的基本结构与规律有一个明确、完整的概念,能较熟练地运用这些语法的基本规则分析、解释各种语法现象,并加以运用。除了介绍英语语法的基本规律外,本课程还强调理论联系实际,配合足够的口笔头练习,加强语言的基本功训练。为学生进一步提高英语交际能力以及通过英语应用能力A、B级考试和大学英语四级考试打下良好的基础。
素质目标:专业技能是学生在英文知识学习的过程中掌握所学知识,并且把所学的知识应用于英语实践的能力,英语语法的具体目标包括:(1)阅读能力
(2)写作能力(3)翻译能力。
2. 课程设计理念与思路
2.1 课程设计理念
《英语语法》是英语专业的基础课程,主要是向学生系统地传授英语语法的基本理论和基础知识,并为他们顺利地通过英语应用能力A、B级考试和大学英语四级考试做好充分的准备。在课程设计中应该始终贯彻以学生为中心,教师为主导的教学方法,以“应用为目的,实用为主,够用为度”的原则作为教学中的任务驱动。因此,以项目为导向将课程内容分为词法和句法两大模块。
2.2 课程设计思路
英语语法课程根据教学任务按照模块教学进行设计,名词、分为词法、句法两大部分。词法模块包涵名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词等,句法包括英语句子的构成、分类、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等。
3. 学生基础和智能特点分析
该门课程的学生为商务英语专业学生,英语基础较之非英语专业的学生,英语基础相对较好,但学生们的自主学习能力还是较弱同时仍有部分学生基础较薄弱。学生专业上掌握了英语语法的基本结构,但是输入的是英文,输出语言多为中文,故部分学生没有很好的学以致用。男女比例失衡,不利于课堂分组讨论。大多数的学生在学习习惯和学习方法上需要教师的督促和指导。如果对这部分学生能够采取比较有效的教学方法和手段,给予足够的表扬与鼓励,不仅可以保证课堂的教学秩序也可以产生比较不错的教学效果。英语学习基础较差的学生虽然占有比较小的比例但对于这部分学生也不能放弃,应该根据他们所能接受的知识量和知识层次为其设定短期且易实现的目标。
4. 课程内容与教学要求
设计的整体思路:《英语语法》是商务英语专业的基础课程,主要是向学生系统地传授英语语法的基本理论和基础知识,并为他们顺利地通过英语应用能力
A、B级考试和大学英语四级考试做好充分的准备。因此,以项目为导向将课程内容分为词法和句法两大模块。词法部分包括名词、代词、冠词、形容词、副词、动词等。句法包括橘子的时态、语态、语气、强调句型、倒装句型等。
5.教学模式及教学方法
“以培养应用型人才、满足社会需求”作为高职高专人才的培养目标,必然要求相应的以能力和素质培养为核心的教学方法,所以优化教学方法一直是我院公共英语教学改革的重中之重。根据我校学生实际情况,该课程的课堂教学将逐渐由教师为主过渡到以学生为主、教师为主导的教学模式,注重培养学生的学习能力,充分调动学生的积极性,激发学生的学习动机,最大限度地让学生参与学习过程。最终掌握英语语法的基本知识和理论,基本做到会用所学知识。
6.考核方式及课程的成绩评定
为了突出“以学生为中心”的教学法,在学期末考试成绩里可加大平时成绩所占比例,平时成绩可以占40%,从而鼓励学生在课堂上积极参与语言实践活动。成绩按百分制计算。基本知识、应用知识考核(书面、闭卷)成绩占60%;平时作业,出勤、课堂参与、期中考试成绩占40%。
7.课程教学条件
7.1教学硬件环境
教学设施建设是英语教学质量的物资保证。教学设施建设的总体要求是确保英语教学设施的硬件和软件能满足教学需求。
(1)有足够的与英语学科相关的各种图书资源,能够满足英语的教学需要,满足学生课外学习英语的需要。
(2)校园网络资源、多媒体课件教学资源能够满足正常的教学要求。
(3)开发校园英语课程资源,建立多方式、多渠道的英语语言实践机制,为师生创造英语学习环境。
7.2 师资力量
任课教师基本都具备英语专业硕士研究生学历或者中级以上职称,主修过英语语法课程或研究方向为相关内容,教学能力突出,具备坚实的英语语法基础.
Chapter 9 Non-finite Verbs
--Grammar: The Infinitive
By: Li mingsheng
Part I My understanding of the lesson and analysis of the students
My topic today is the Passive voice. The students have learnt something about the Passive voice in Junior High school, and they often meet the Passive voice in reading materials, so I think the grammar is not strange to them.
As we know, the Passive voice is one of the most important grammars, and it is also one of the most difficult grammars. To help the students grasp the infinitive, I should make the students interested in the class first.
It is requested in the New Standard English that we should improve the students’ integrating skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing, so I set some activities to develop the students’ integrating skills and the ability of imagination and creativity. According to these, I set my teaching aims as follows:
Teaching aims:
Knowledge goals: (1)The structure of passive voice in different tenses
(2) Learn to change active voice into passive voice
Moral goals: Encourage Ss to Learn to be active in our lives.
Important points: 1. Work together to sum up the grammatical rules of the Passive voice
2. Encourage students to think in the English way
Difficult points: The definition of different forms of the Passive voice and how to use them Teaching Aids: pictures; tape-recorder; multi-media
Part II My teaching theories and methods to deal with the lesson
1.Teaching theories:
Learner’s learning activities should center on their cooperation and team work, while T works as a well-trained guide.
2. Teaching methods:
(1) Task-based teaching method
(2) Activity-based teaching method
(3) Aural-oral method with the help of the computer
(4) Pair work or individual work method
Part III Teaching procedures
Step 1 Greetings and lead-in
Activities: Present some sentences on the screen, and ask the students to read and discuss them in groups
1. Cars are regularly stolen in this area.
2. The report was submitted last Monday.
3. The book is being written now.
4. The building were being renovate when I was there last.
5. I have been offered a new position.
6. The hotel had been booked before.
7. She will be given the money.
Step2 Presentation and discussion
Task 1: Presentation (Group work)
篇三:语法说课稿
Good morning/afternoon, everyone. Today I am pleased to be here and have an opportunity to share some of my teaching ideas with you. My topic is the __________ taken from Unit 1, Grammar, Module 1. My presentation will include 5 parts . They are Analysis of Ss and teaching material, teaching objectives, teaching important and difficult points, teaching methods and teaching procedures.
Now Let’s come to Part 1: Analysis of teaching material
The lesson focuses on the grammar______________, which plays an important role in understanding the long sentences in a texts and developing their writing ability. Ss have already gained some knowledge of it while they were in middle school. So Ss are not only demanded to learn the definition and the usages of _________, but also to use
Part 2: teaching objectives
According to the …
To help students review some useful words in the text, master the usage of ________ and identify the differences between _________ and ________.
Part 3: teaching important and difficult points
The important and difficult points are: to master the usage of _______ and apply _________ into their writing.
Part 4: teaching methods
Part 5: teaching procedures
Step 1: free talk 3mins
Have Ss do a presentation or sing a song
Purpose: to attract Ss attention and activate the atmosphere
Step 2: lead in 6mins
Have Ss look at the sentences on screen, discuss in pairs to find out the similarities of the sentences. I will offer my guidance when is needed. Then generalize the structure of those sentences. Here, I will write __________ and its structure/ form on the blackboard.
Purpose: to pave inspire their previous knowledge of _________ and pave the way for the following learning
Step 3: presentation 12-14mins
Have Ss read the sentences on page___ and I will lead Ss to analyze the sentences one by one. Explain the tips on the left/ right to Ss.
After that, I will have Ss do a competition. Let students find out the sentences like
this in the text in pairs, who get the most sentences is the winner.
Purpose: By competition, Ss can arouse Ss’ initiative and cooperative consciousness to master the usage of ________.
Step 4: practice 16-18mins will remind Ss of the confusing points and easily wrong points. Check the sentences they made.
Afterwards, have Ss finish the exercises on page ________ individually. Check the answers with the Ss and tell them what kind of exercises is prone to test in an examination.
Finally, Show some exercises which had appeared in the university entrance examination before on screen. Analyze the exercises with the Ss.
Purpose: to better understand the usage of ________ by doing different designated exercises.
Step 5: Summary 3mins
Have Ss make a summary of the usages of __________. I will offer my help when they have difficulties in telling out the language points.
Purpose: to consolidate Ss knowledge and develop their ability of making conclusions
Step 6: Homework 1min
篇四:语法说课稿
Good morning,my dear judges:(鞠躬)
(介绍) I’m number ____.It’s my great honor to be here to present my my topic is Unit 1 Do you want to watch a game show?(上讲台板书)from Book 2.What I will teach is Section A from grammar focus to 3c.I will talk about it from 6 parts
(说教材)firstly,I will talk about the analysis of teaching material. The topic is entertainment. It is related to ss’daily life.So it is easy to arouse ss’interest.In this period, ss will do some listening and speaking practice about the topic.At the same time, ss will have the chance to improve their abilities of reading and writing.
(目标)Next, I will talk about teaching aims:
As for the knowledge aims: ss need to master the new words:such as________,the phrases____ (and the structures_______)(边写边说).
And for the ability aims: In this period, ss will be able to make their original sentences and use the target language in real situation.It can develop ss’ability of listening and speaking.
Moral aims: ss can develop the spirt of cooperation through team work and take an interest in English learning.Ss can share their favorite TV shows with their friends.
(重难点)The key and difficult points are some phrases and words,like ____ and the structure:____________
(说学生) Ss of grade 7 have learned English for several years. They are curious and active .They enjoy taking part in all kinds of class activities.So I will design different activities in our class.
(说教法)During the class, I would like to adopt 2 teaching methods, named task-based teaching method, communicative method and micro-class.I will design - 1 -
pair work , group work and individual work to improve ss’ ability of cooperating as well as self-studying.
(说学法) In order to learn it well ,ss can use listening – speaking method and study in pairs .These methods can improve ss’language skills and give them more chances to practice .That is “learning by doing , learning by using”. (说教学过程 )Now,I will talk about the most important part – teaching procedures.
Step 1: lead–in
Before class, I will have a free talk with ss about:What kind of TV show do you like? And what do you think of the TV shows?
Step 2: Presentation
In this period, I will use the micro-class to teach ss the grammar”to do”. Then, the ss need to underline the structure “to do” in grammar focus. And then, ss read the sentences together in grammar focus.After this, ss need to make their own sentences according to grammar focus.
A: What do you think of___________?
B: I ___________________ them.
A: Why do you ___________?
B; Because___________________.
Step 3: pair work(3a)
Ss need to complete the conversation by themselves.And then practice with their partner.We will choose the best 3 to show in front of the whole class. Step 4: Group work(1b)
I will divide the ss into groups of 4. Ss work in groups and interview each other the following question:_______One student needs to write down their answers and report to the class.The best group will get a gift.
- 2 -
Step 5:Survey(3c)
After the group work, I need ss to do a survey about the question in 3c and complete the report.And this is a competition.Ss need to complete it asap. Step 6:Summary
For the summary, SS will discuss in group.And then, I will invite two ss to write down what they have learnt on the blackboard.
Step 9: Homework
Ss can choose their homework in homework supermarket.So I give two levels of homework:
No.1 is Perfect your own conversation in 3a.
No.2 is a survey, interview your friends about the TV shows and write a report. Step 10: Blackboard design
This is my blackboard design.
That’s all.Thank you.
(That’s all for my presentation.Thank you for listening.) - 3 -
篇五:语法课说课稿
Good morning, honorable judges. I’m xx, No.1. It’s my great honor to be here sharing my lesson with you.
I’m going to talk about my design of the grammar lesson. It is taken from Book1, Unit3 for Junior Two students. The topic is “I’m more outgoing than my sister”.
I am talking from the following aspects.
Firstly, let me introduce the teaching and learning objectives. This is a grammar lesson. After the lesson, my students will be able to know how to make the comparative form of some adjectives or adverbs .In addition; they will be able to use comparative degree to describe the things around. And also, learning how to praise others with the comparative degree can train my students to adopt good habits in life and this is one of the important tasks of the new curriculum.
Secondly, I want to tell something about the focal and difficult points. Although students have the basic abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing, they still need some opportunities to practice the change regulation of words, to learn comparative degree to describe things, feelings and experience. As the junior students, they are supposed to understand how to use the comparative degree in daily life.
Thirdly, I’d like to talk about the teaching and learning methods. According to the analysis above, I’ll try to use the PPP model to help my students learn and understand this grammar, which is presentation,
practice, and production. In this lesson, I’ll guide my students to learn to use the comparatives. And learning method is self-dependent and cooperative learning.
The fourth part is the teaching procedures. I’ll divide the lesson into 5 parts. They are presentation &practice of adding er; presentation &practice about changing y into i then adding er; mechanical practice of part 1&2, leading more, next part is mechanical exercise about more, and Semi controlling compositive practice; the final part is production. Then I’ll talk about the first step. The first step is to lead in comparative and teach them the
comparative which needs add er. At the beginning of the class, I’ll draw two straight lines on the blackboard to lead in longer. Then I will give more examples by showing pictures on PPT .After that, I will ask my students to look at the PPT and observe the change regulation with the color tip. Let students try to conclude the rule first. Then show rule one on the PPT. The purpose of doing this is to attract the Ss’ attention and lead in the comparative and make Ss get a general understanding of it.
The second part is to introduce the presentation of the rule which change y into-ier. In this part, I show some vivid pictures to draw students’ attention. I will lead in some adjectives and adverbs, and give them those words’ comparative form in sentences. At the end of this part, I will join those sentences together showing on PPT and the comparative
form in those sentences emerged in red. The purpose of doing this is to let students pay attention to the changing place, and they can easily find the regulation. Then the practice of this part is filling the blank. In order to cause the Ss’ attention and let the Ss be able to use this rule, I will give 5 fill-in questions using the adjectives and adverbs are given to change into their comparative form.
And then, I will give more exercise to consolidate the knowledge they have learned: add er to the adjectives/adverbs to make their comparative form, the other is change y into -ier to make their comparative form.
Group work is my first choice to let Ss learn to use the change regulation of comparative (+er, y-ier), and make it clear to distinguish the two kinds of words. So I will ask them to fill the proper words into the table (see table one) in group activity.
Next,I will give my students six sentences to practice, they are supposed to answer the questions during one game(see table two). To do this is to raise my students’ interests in participating in the lesson and enable them to get more familiar with the knowledge they just learned. After doing this, I will show two pictures to my students and ask them to describe the pictures with the information already given; So I can check whether my students have master what they have learned or not and prepare for their production.
The last step is to introduce my production part. I will divide this part into two steps. First I will ask my students to choose one student “who do you like best in our class and compare him or her with yourselves and then give reasons”. This is to enable my students learn how to use the knowledge they learned to praise others and improve themselves. The second step is to ask my students to find an ideal friend for themselves so their oral English get practiced and they will know how to use the comparative degree to express themselves.
Next I will assign the homework to Ss, let them write about their ideal friends.
Finally I will talk about my blackboard design (see table three). In my opinion, the blackboard design can reflect the teacher’s ability of mastering the lesson and showing the most important information of the class.
So, when students are reading, I will write down the three regulation of comparative degree so that the students will keep them in mind.
That is all for my presentation, and your advice is most valuable to me.
Thank you!
Table 1:
Table 2:
Table 3;
✪ 高中语法教案
对于未给出单词提示题型的技巧
此类题难度较大,但也是有方法对付的。
技巧七:固定短语结构。
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语,但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。
例7:The children were playing on the ground,enjoying____,dirty but
从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的,所以应用enjoy oneself短语,故其答案为themselves。
例8:His boss was____angry as to fire
如果“跳过”横线后的angry,就可发现这里用到一个关联短语so···as··· to,所以,so是正解。
技巧八:从句引导词。
从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向,主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例9:He did not done_____his father had asked him to
审题可知,横线所在为宾语从句的引导词,此引导词在从旬中充当宾语,且指物,所以是what。
例10:Those_____want to go to the village must sign
经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词,进一步观察可知先行词为those,且指人,所以只能填入who。
✪ 高中语法教案
1、主语从句:特殊疑问词引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语。
2、宾语从句
(1)常见的能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。
(2)作介词宾语。
3、同位语从句、表语从句
✪ 高中语法教案
语法作为语言的基础,是学习一门语言不可或缺的一部分。在高中语文课程中,语法教学占据了重要的地位。为了提高语法教学的效果,许多学校使用了高中语法课件。本文将从课件的设计、教学内容和教学方法三个方面详细介绍高中语法课件的特点。
设计是高中语法课件的重要一环。课件的设计应该符合高中生的认知水平和心理特点,通过图文并茂的方式激发学生的学习兴趣。在课件的设计过程中,可以使用一些生动有趣的图片和动画,以及一些实际例子来解释语法概念,帮助学生更好地理解和记忆。课件的设计还应该注重条理性和逻辑性,将知识点以清晰的结构呈现出来,方便学生理解和学习。
高中语法课件应该覆盖全面的教学内容。语法知识繁多,课件应该包括常用的语法知识点及其用法,如时态、语态、句型转换、从句等。课件还应该适当加入一些高考常考的语法考点,帮助学生更好地应对考试。同时,课件还应该有一定的深度,引导学生从整体上理解语法知识,而不是简单地记忆规则。通过一些拓展和延伸的学习内容,培养学生语法分析和语法运用的能力。
教学方法也是高中语法课件的关键。语法教学应该注重学生的参与和互动,激发他们的学习兴趣和积极性。课件可以设置一些思考题和练习题,鼓励学生思考和运用所学的语法知识。同时,老师也应该根据学生的实际情况,灵活运用不同的教学方法,如讲解、讨论、游戏等,以提高教学的针对性和有效性。
高中语法课件在语法教学中发挥着重要的作用。通过设计合理的课件,全面的教学内容和灵活的教学方法,可以提高语法教学的效果,帮助学生更好地掌握和运用语法知识。在未来,随着技术的进步和教学理念的更新,高中语法课件将不断创新和发展,为语法教学提供更好的支持和帮助。
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