初中英语中考知识点总结(精品十四篇)
时间:2026-09-10 作者:工作汇报网◆ 初中英语中考知识点总结
1 . 初中数学知识点:点的坐标的性质
2 . 我游览了万里长城故宫博物院南京长江大桥和秦始皇兵马俑等名胜古迹。
3 . HemetLiuXianginthestreettheotherdayItmadeoverjoyed
4 . ③象限的规定:右上为第一象限左上为第二象限左下为第三象限右下为第四象限。
5 . 下面是对数学中点的坐标的性质知识学习,同学们认真看看哦。
6 . 她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。
7 . Thehouse(that//whichweliveinisnotlarge
8 . Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingforareveryhealthy
9 . 一进花园,我就闻到一阵阵清香和听到悦耳的鸟叫声。
10 . 三肯定句双重否定句的互换
◆ 初中英语中考知识点总结
① 表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。
例:He is listning to the music now.
他现在正在听音乐。
② 表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情,但不一定此时此刻正在做。
例:I am studying computer this term.
这个学期我一直在学习计算机。
③ 现在进行时可以表示将来的含义。
a. 瞬时动词的进行一定表将来。
我要离开了。
b. 持续动词的进行只有有将来的时间状语或有将来语境中才表将来。
例:I am travelling next month.
下个月我要去旅行。
④ 现在进行时与频度副词连用,表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。
例:He is always helping others.
◆ 初中英语中考知识点总结
一、陈述句,_表示结果的三种结构。
making,killing,injuring型。
makes/ killed/ injured型。
which makes/ killed型。
完全倒装:将整个谓语移至主语前面(介词短语,时间副词,地点副词等等置于句首)。
地点副词,there,here等等。
eg:Here are my replies to your questions。
Here comes the bus。
There goes the bell。
eg:Then came to time to part。
Now comes your turn.。
方位副词,in,out, up, down, away, off, back等等。
Out went the children.
Away ran the frightened tiger.
Down flew the eagle to seize the chicken..
eg:From the valley came a frightening sound.
South of the city lies a big steel factory.
eg:Happy is he who has a sound mind in a sound body.(快了属于这样的人,有健康的体魄和强有力的头脑。)
Seated on the ground are a group of young people.
1,only、only when、only if等等。
eg:Only when he told me did I realize it.
Only by working hard can me make it.(make it “做成功”的意思)
2,否定,半否定词位于句首。
3,____,so/ nither/ nor。
4,so/ such ……that型。
eg:Such a clever boy is he that……
If it were not for=Were it not for
If it had not been for=Had not been for
eg:How clever a boy he is。
三、让步状语从句
1,adj/ adv/ n+as/though+主语+谓语型(尽管……)
Eg:Scientist as he is,he remains modest.
2,No matter how /However+adv /adj+S+V型
Eg:However difficult compute science is,I will try my best.
1,V(原型)开头,will you?
2,祈使句……,or/and you will……
注意:强调句的完整性(从句必有引导词,状语要有介词连接)。
以下是几个例子:
Eg:It is in this classroom that we had the Mid-autumn party.
It is because his father was in danger that he was very worried.
What is it that makes you so unhappy.
It was not until I made so many mistakes that I realize he was right.
I did not realize he was right until I made so many mistakes.
→Not until I made so many mistakes did I realize he was right.
→It was not until I made so many mistakes that I realize he was right.
六、How come……?=How it come about?(何以如此?为什么会发生这样的事情呢?)
七、So what? 那又怎么样?
八、What if ……?倘若又……?
九、Where there be……,there be…….(eg:Where there is a will,there is a way.)
十、The reason why……is that ……
Sweet spring, full of sweet days and roses.美妙的春天,充满了美好的日子和芳香的玫瑰。
A true friend is someone who reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
真正的朋友是一个可以援助并感动你的心扉的人。
Lose not a chance to waken love. 别失去唤醒爱的良机。
Let the more loving one be me. 让我成为更有爱心的人。
It’s easy to be tolerant if you do not care. 如果你不在乎,便很容易宽容。
◆ 初中英语中考知识点总结
Note: 反义词unable表示不能,而disabled表示残疾的,
be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。
2.abroad 用法:表示到(在)国外,是一个副词,前面不加介词。
Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。
4.advise 用法:advise sb. to do; advise doing
Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:advise that sb. (should) do的形式。
Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。
6.after 用法:表示在时间、空间之后;be after表示追寻。
Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点,而in接一个时间段,如:after 3 o’clock; in 3 days.
7.agree 用法:与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。
Note: agree on表示达成一致;agree to表示批准;agree with表示同意某人说的话。
8.alive 用法:表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。
Note: 可以作状语使用,表示活活地,如:bury sb. alive.
9.allow 用法:allow doing; allow sb. to do
Note: 还可以表示其中之一,如:He is among the best.
11.and 用法:用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。
Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如:Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later.
12.another 用法:表示又一个,泛指,相当于one more的含义。
Note: 不能直接加复数名词,需要与一个数词搭配,如:another 2 weeks.
Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如:answer the phone/door.
14.anxious 用法:be anxious for/about/to do
Note: be anxious about表示担心;be anxious for表示盼望得到。
Note: 还可以作为系动词,与seem同义,表示看起来……。
16.arrive 用法:arrive at表示到一个小地方;arrive in表示到一个大地方。
Note: 引申含义表示得出,如:arrive at a decision/conclusion.
17.ask 用法:ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask for
Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:ask that sb. (should) do的形式。
18.asleep 用法:表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。
Note: 通常与动词be及fall搭配;sound asleep表示熟睡。
19.attend 用法:表示参加,后面经常加上meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral等词;也可以表示照顾,照料。
Note: attend to可以表示处理、照料等。
20.attention 用法:pay attention to; draw/catch sb’s attention
Note: 写通知时的常用语:May I have your attention, please?
22.because 用法:后面接原因状语从句,because of后面接名词。
Note: because表示直接原因,因此只有用它才可以回答why的特殊疑问句及用在强调句中。
23.become 用法:系动词,表示变得……。可以由好变坏或由坏变好。
Note: become of sb.表示某人发生了什么事情。
24.before 用法:before long, long before, the day before yesterday, the week / year before last 上上周/前年
Note: It be + 段时间 before…在该句型中,主句时态只有将来时态和一般过去时态。
25.begin 用法:begin to do; begin doing
Note: 当begin本身是进行时的时候,只能用begin to do的形式。如:It was beginning to rain.
26.believe 用法:believe sb.表示相信某人说的话;believe in sb.表示信任;6123结构,
Note: 回答问句时通常用I believe so/not的形式。
Note: 还可以用作副词,表示此外,要用逗号隔开。
28.beyond 用法:表示越过、在另一边,如:beyond the wood/bridge.
Note: 可以用于引申含义,表示超出……,如:beyond control/power/description.
29.bit 用法:与a little一样可以修饰不可数名词,形容词或副词。
Note: 修饰名词时要用a bit of;not a bit表示一点也不。
30.blame 用法:take/bear the blame; blame sth. on. sb.
Note: 表示应受到责怪时不用被动语态,如:He is to blame.
Note: 表示风刮得很大时要用blow hard.
32.boil 用法:boiling表示沸腾的;boiled表示煮过的。
Note: boiling point可以表示沸点。
34.breath 用法:hold one’s breath;out of breath; save one’s breath
Note: take a breath表示深吸一口气;take breath表示喘口气。
35.burn 用法:burn down/up/one’s hand
Note: burning表示点着的;burnt表示烧坏的。
36.business 用法:on business表示出差;in/out of business表示开/关张。
Note: 表示商业时不可数,表示具体的行业时可数。
Note: 不能说My work is busy. 应说I am busy with my work.
38.buy 用法:buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb.
39.but 用法:not…but.. but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎,差一点
Note: do nothing but do sth. nothing前有do,后面的to要省略。Not only… but also…引导的并列句,前倒后不倒。cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不,只能
40.by 用法:by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by mistake, by chance, by the way
Note: by way of 取道,经由。by reason of 由于。by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。
41.care 用法:take care of; with care; care for/about
Note: care about表示在乎,常用于否定句;care for表示关心,喜爱,常用于肯定句。
42.carry 用法:carry表示搬运;carry on表示进行;坚持下去;carry out表示执行。
Note: carry没有方向性,奇速英语可以表示随身携带。
43.case 用法:in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that case
Note: in case后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气,即in case sb. should do的形式。
44.catch 用法:catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up with
Note: be caught表示陷入困境,如:He was caught in the rain.
45.cattle 用法:集合名词,动词要用复数形式。如:Cattle are raised here.
Note: 一头牛可以用a head of cattle. 注意十头牛用ten head of cattle。
46.chance 用法:by chance; take a chance; there is a chance that…
Note: 在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。
47.change 用法:change A for B表示用A换成B;change A into B 表示把A变成B。
Note: 表示变化时是可数名词,表示零钱时不可数。
48.class 用法:集合名词,谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。
Note: in class表示在上课,in the class表示在班上。
49.close 用法:动词表示关闭;形容词表示亲密的;副词表示靠近。
Note: close作副词时表示距离上的靠近,而另一个副词形式closely表示密切地。
50.clothes 用法:复数名词,谓语动词用复数,不能加不定冠词。
◆ 初中英语中考知识点总结
特殊疑问形式
1、“特殊疑问词+will +主语+动词原形+其它”?
2、“特殊疑问词+be +主语+going to+动词原形+其它”?
(如果对主语进行提问,把主语变成who就可以)
I will show my photos to you next Monday.
He will be at home at seven this evening.
They will come soon.
I am going to visit my grandparents this holiday.
There is going to be a football match this afternoon.
We are going to have a meeting today.
注意
1.有些动词如:go, come, fly, leave, arrive, move , meet ,start等常用进行时表将来。
My aunt is coming to see me.
2. 在时间状语从句,条件状语从句中,主句是一般将来时,从句为一般现在时。
I’ll go on holiday as soon as I finish the work.
We’ll go swimming if it doesn’t rain.
返回:初中英语时态知识点详解--一般将来时
◆ 初中英语中考知识点总结
编者按:在英语学习中,情态动词是经常会遇到的。 情态动词并不是指单一动词,而是多个单词的统称。下面小编给大家分享了有关情态动词的英语语法知识,一起来看看吧!
情态动词本身有一定的含义,表示说话人的态度和看法。
一.情态动词的特点
1. 无人称和数的变化。
2. 后面加动词原形do.
3. 否定形式在情态动词后直接加not,
Don’t say that, your friend may get angry.
You can not speak in the library.(图书馆)
二.情态动词区分
1. may/ might 表示“可能”
may 的可能性比might大。
may not, might not 可能不
2. must 必须,一定
mustn’t 不准,禁止
3. can 可以,许可
can’t 不可以,不能,语气弱于mustn’t
4. need 需要
needn’t 不需要,没必要
三.注意事项
1. need 也可以作行为动词,表示需要,常用于need to do 结构,此时,need 有人称,数的变化。
I need to clean the house.
She needs to go home before 9.
You don’t need to tell me that.
2. must 用于疑问句,否定回答用needn’t.
----Must I return the book before Monday?
----Yes, you must.
-----No, you needn’t.
3. need 的疑问句,肯定回答用must 或need.
Need I tell it to our teacher?
---Yes, you must/need.
---No, you needn’t.
4. must 与 have to 的区分。
must 必须,表示主观的意愿。
have to 不得不,强调客观迫于…
否定形式:
mustn’t 不准
don’t have to= needn’t 没必要,不需要。
You mustn’t smoke here.
You don’t have to go to school on weekends.
四.情态动词表推测
1.肯定句中一般用must(一定),may(可能),might/could(也许,或许),其中must表推测的语气最强,其余依次渐弱。如:
The book must be hers.Her name is on it.
这本书一定是她的,她的名字在上面。
He must be running.他一定是在跑步。
They may know the way to the library.
他们可能知道去图书馆的路。
2.否定句中一般用can't/couldn't(一定不,不可能),此时内心十分确定。如:
That man can't be Mr Li because he has gone to London.
那个人不可能是李老师,因为他去伦敦了。
3.疑问句中用can/could(能)。答语中通常不用could如:
—Can the red sweater beTom's?
—No, it can't. He can't stand red.
“这件红毛衣会是吉姆的吗?”
“不,不可能。他不能忍受红色。”
4. may not,might not(可能不)
She may not come to this party, but I`m not sure.
[注意] might,could并不是may, can的过去式,而是表示语气较委婉或可能性较小。
作者| Sunny
公众号:初中英语语法知识点同步讲解
本文为原创文章,版权归作者所有,未经授权不得转载!
◆ 初中英语中考知识点总结
一、陈述句
陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法的,陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。陈述句句末用句号,朗读时用降调。
1、肯定句的基本结构为:主+谓 He went to London to pass his holiday.
2、否定句的表达方式
(1)主语+be+not+表语 He is not a teacher.
(2)主语+助动词/情态动词+not+谓语动词+其他 I don't think you are right.
He hasn't yet paid the money. (他尚未付钱。)
(3)使用“not”以外的否定词:
(a)副词:never, seldom, hardly, little, neither等 。She seldom comes to see me. (她不常来看我。)
(b)形容词:no, few, little等 He has few friends in Hong Kong. (他在香港几乎没有朋友。)
(c)代词:nothing, nobody, none等。 I found nobody about computer. (在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。)
二、疑问句
疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题,询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。
1、一般疑问句通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通常是"yes或no"。
句型一:Be +主语+ …? Are these books on the desk? 这些书在桌子上吗?
句型二:Do / Does / Did + 主语 +谓语+…? Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?
句型三:情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 +…?
Must I finish my homework now? 我必须现在完成我的家庭作业吗?
句型四:Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词+…?
Have you heard from him? 你收到他的来信吗?
另外,还有以be动词、助动词或情态动词的否定缩写形式开头的一般疑问句,这种句子一般表示请求、惊讶和对事物的看法等,回答时所用的yes和no表达的意思和汉语的习惯不同。例如; --Isn't he tall?难道他不高吗?
-- Yes,he is.不,他很高。
2、特殊疑问句以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what 、who 、whose 、which、 when、 where、 how 、why等。例如:
who is singing in the room?
what class are you in﹖
3、选择疑问句提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。选择疑问句的两种或两种以上的情况用or 连接,不能用yes或no回答,而是就其选择内容直接回答。这类疑问句有两种形式:
一种是:一般疑问句+or+被选择部分?, 这一类选择疑问句通常都是在前一个供选择的答案用低升调,后一个用降调;如果有两个以上供选择的答案,则在最后一个用降调,其余都用低升调。例如: Would you like a gin,or a whisky,or a `beer? 你是要喝杜松子酒,还是威士忌酒,还是啤酒?
另一种是:特殊疑问句+被选择部分(A)+or+被选择部分(B)?,也是在语调上有所区别。例如: Which vase shall I use, the short one or the tall one ?
4、反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式;反之,前一部分为否定式,后一部分要用肯定式,即“前肯定后否定,前否定后肯定”。 例如:They work hard, don’t they?
She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she?
They haven't been in beijing for three years,have they?
.反义疑问句的回答用yes, no, 但是,当陈述部分是否定形式时,回答要按事实。如:
They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作,是吗?
Yes, they do. 不,他们工作努力。/No, they don’t. 对, 他们工作不努力。
注意:
1)当陈述句的主语是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时,简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述句的主语是非人称的复合词,如everything, something, anything, 则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。后面的疑问句应表示为:
I am a student, aren’t I
Everyone is in the classroom, aren’t they?
Everything begins to grow in spring, doesn’t it?
Nobody will go, will they?
2)当陈述部分是I think/believe/ expect/ suppose/imagine 加从句时,疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。 I think chickens can swim, can’t they?
3)当陈述部分是祈使句时,一般情况下用will you 或 won't you。
Give me a hand,will you?
4)以Let's开头的祈使句,疑问句必须用shall we;只有以Let usLet me开头的祈使句,问句才用will you。
5)There be 句型中,反义疑问部分必须为be 动词 + there.
6)当陈述部分有never,seldom, hardly,few,little,barely, nothing 等否定词时,后面的疑问句则必须用肯定式。
常见考法
对于陈述句和疑问句的考查,常会以单选,完形填空或句子填空的形式出现。考查知识点往往集中在反意疑问句的构成与回答、选择疑问句或陈述句与疑问句的转换方面。
典型例题:I don't think he is bright, ?
A is he B isn't he C do I D don't I
解析:本题考查反意疑问句的构成。当陈述部分是I think 加从句时,疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。所以排除C和D;主句部分don't表明是否定句,所以后面应用肯定形式。
答案:A
误区提醒
对于反意疑问句的回答,一定要根据事实来回答,尤其是“前否定,后肯定”的反意疑问句的回答,更是我们容易出错的地方,一定要注意哦!
典型例题:——You've never seen dinosaur eggs, have you?
——_________. How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.
A Yes, I have B No, I haven't C No, I have D Yes, I haven't
解析:本题考查反意疑问句的回答。根据答语“我多么希望去参观恐龙世界”可知他没去过恐龙世界,没见过恐龙蛋,根据“Yes+肯定事实”和“No+否定事实”的原则,可以得出答案。
答案:B
◆ 初中英语中考知识点总结
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够……
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)
56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……
73 be used to doing sth习惯做某事 My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早 74 be worth doing 值得做什么
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句 76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
◆ 初中英语中考知识点总结
一、词类:英语词类分以下十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.
2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it .
3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange .
4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.
5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.
7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the.
8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.
9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.
二、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)
2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)
3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)
有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)
有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:
Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力)
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)
☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)
三、构词法:英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。
1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2、派生法:
(1)派生名词:①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge
(2)派生形容词:①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious
(3)派生副词:①形容词+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。
3、转换法:
(1)形容词→动词,如:dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。
(2)动词→名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
(3)名词→动词,如:hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。
(4)形容词→副词,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。
(5)副词→连词,如:when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。
(6)介词→副词,如:in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。
◆ 初中英语中考知识点总结
在主句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
如:She knew that the teacher had seen the film.她知道这位老师看过这部电影。
“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的宾语,同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句,所以它叫做宾语从句。
如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
如:I agree with what you said just now. 我同意你刚才说的话。
如:I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。
I don t know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。
(3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)
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连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)
The small children don t know what is in their stockings.(what 在宾语从句中做主语)这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?(why 在宾语从句中做原因状语)你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗?
(1)时态:
①当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
I don t know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
②当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
③当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
(2)语序:任何从句都使用陈述句语序,宾语从句当然也不例外。
◆ 初中英语中考知识点总结
强调句是为了强调句子的某一成分,是中考英语中常见的英语句型。小编为大家推荐了相关知识,希望可以帮助到大家!
强调句的用法
1)在强调主语时,that 后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。如:
It isIwhoama teacher.
2)即使被强调的主语是复数,主句中的谓语动词也用单数。如:
Itisthey who often help me with my lessons.
3)在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时,不能用when,where,why或 how ,而要用that 。如:
It was onlywhen I reread his poems recentlythat I began to appreciate their beauty.
It wasin the housethat the murder happened.
It wasbecause her mother was illthat she didn't go with us.
4强调句型:It is(was) not until ...that... 注意此时从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。如:
It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my fathercamehome.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized shewasa famous film star.
5)原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来的各种时态,用Itis…that (who)…;如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态,则用Itwas… that(who)…
6)在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时,主句要用一般疑问句的语序。that后面的原句其余部分在移走了被强调部分后词序及词形都不可以改动。如:
Did this happen in Beijing?
Was it in Beijing that this happened?
7)特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调,其强调结构是“疑问词+is (was) it that...? " 如:
Where were you born?
Where was it that you were born?
8)强调句型容易和句型It is/was+名词+that名词从句混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词It is (was) … that(who)… 去掉,被强调部分归位后,应该能够形成一个完整 的句子(这也是判断是否是强调句型的方法)。但后者的It is/was…that 是不可去掉的,否则that前的名词就找不到位置,原句也不再成立,如下面这个句子如去掉It is/was…that就不再完整:
It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.
强调句型还容易跟It is/was+形容词+that名词从句这一句型混淆。如:It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语,真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句,常译为”清楚(显然, 真的, 肯定…)”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
9)强调句可以用作宾语从句。如:
He told me that it was because he was late for class that he was punished.
I really can’t remember where it was that I first met the man.
10)强调句型可有如下变体:It is/was变成“情态动词+be”。如:
It may be my bike that he is riding.
It must have been the manager that spoke to you.
11)与疑问词连用构成特殊疑问句和感叹句。如:
Whom was it that Mr. Smith saw in the park yesterday?
Why is it that silver is not widely used as a conductor?
What a beautiful picture it is that you have drawn!
12)被强调的名词或代词可带有一个定语从句。如:
Was it Bill, who plays football well, that helped the blind man cross the road?
It was in the school, where(or:in which) I once studied, that we hold a party.
Was it in the house, which we visited last year,that the murder happened?
强调句的要点
1.强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)和状语。其中的it本身没有词义。
2.强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物,也可指人)。若被强调的是状语,也只能用that,而不能用when或者where。而且连接词不能省略。如:
It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.(虽然强调的是地点,但不能用where。)
3.强调句子的主语时,that或who之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。如:
It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds.
例4 (2014·湖南卷) It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that make life happy.
解析 make→makes。句意:不是做我们喜欢的事情,而是去喜欢我们必须做的事情才能让人生幸福。主语not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do是被强调部分, 应看作单数。
4.强调句型的时态常见的有两种:一般现在时和一般过去时。即it is ... that/who ...和it was ... that/who ...。如:
It was the way he asked that really upset me.
强调句的考法
1.用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。如:
It was for this reason that he left that school.
It was in this way that he solved the problem.
2.用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的部分。如:
It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty.
3.在被强调的部分后接定语从句,使句子结构更加复杂。如:
It was on July 7th 1975 when he was born that his father died.
例5 Could it be in the restaurant where you had dinner with me yesterday where you lost your handbag?
解析 将第二个where改为that。that与前边的could it be共同构成强调句。本题解题的关键在于搞清楚句子中两个where究竟哪一个引导的是定语从句。本句的应意为:你有可能正是在你昨天和我吃饭的那家馆子丢失的手袋吗?针对这种从句套从句的情况,同学们一定要仔细辨别。
4.通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句。
Was it during the Second World War that he died? (一般疑问句)
When was it that the sports meeting began? (特殊疑问句)
It was not Tom that stole the book. (否定句)
Wasn’t it he that had made a mistake? (否定疑问句)
例6 (2014·四川卷) Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr. Smith got angry?
解析 that。本题的解题关键在于是否看得出句子是强调句的一般疑问句。在解决这类问题时,可巧用还原法,将句子还原为陈述句,这样能有效降低难度,快速解题。
5.通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用is或was外,还可以在前面加上may/might/must等表示推测的情态动词。如:
It might be him that you met yesterday.
例7 (2016·浙江卷·阅读理解C) For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has.
解析 句意:例如,它可能只是通过反复实验,收集证据,并最终推翻一个理论——一个婴儿会接受其他人可以和他/她有不同的意见和愿望的想法。这句话使用强调句,强调的是through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory,这部分比较长,同学们可能没有注意这个句式。主干部分中idea后面是同位语从句,from后面还有宾语从句。
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◆ 初中英语中考知识点总结
(1)as , like
as 表示"作为"强调身份,like (介词)表示"像"
As a teacher, he cares for these children.
Like a teacher, he cares for these children.
(2)with , in
with 表示"外貌特征或附带的东西" ," 用……作工具"
in 表示"衣着" "用某语言", 在固定搭配中也可用in
A man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.
A man in black wanted to buy drinks.
The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil.
He retold the text in English.
(3)for , to
for表示"为了."
To 表示动作对象, "对, 向." 如:
He would do anything for his motherland.
Did you mention this to my father?
你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?
for 表示"就某情况而说 ", to 表示一"对某对象而言"如:
It's quite warm today for February.就二月的天气,今天够暖和的。
What he told you just now was not new to me
他刚才对你所说的`话对我并不新鲜
for 表示"目的,用途"。与go, come 动词连用,
(4)except , besides
except 表示"从总体中排除一部分", 与bat 同义, besides 表示"除了一部分还有另一部分"
We all failed except him. 我们都失败了,但他没有。
He speaks German besides French.他懂法外还会讲英语。
(5)注意成对介词的用法:
get into (out of ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of
(6)介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法:
to one's surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on one's way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green … put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, show…around, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,….
(7)表示加减乘除,分别用介词plus, minus, times 和动词过去分词divided + by
◆ 初中英语中考知识点总结
语数英最为三门主课,看起来毫不相干,但三科的学习方法其实基本都是一样的,数学记公式,语文记古诗,英语记单词。学习英语,需要把陌生的单词片语和句型语法不断的熟悉和熟练。下面是小编给大家整理的一些初中英语语法知识点的学习资料,希望对大家有所帮助。
初中英语语法常用
1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
All is right. (一切顺利。)
All are present.(所有人都到齐了。)
2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。
His family isn't very large.他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around?
3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
初中英语语法口诀
一、冠词基本用法
【速记口诀】
名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,
可数名词单,须用a或an,
辅音前用a,an在元音前,
若为特指时,则须用定冠,
复数不可数,泛指the不见,
碰到代词时,冠词均不现。
【妙语诠释】 冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有:①名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词。
二、名词单数变复数规则
【速记口诀】
单数变复数,规则要记住,
一般加s,特殊有几处:
/s/结尾,es不离后,
末尾字母o,大多加s,
两人有两菜,es不离口,
词尾f、fe,s前有v和e;
没有规则词,必须单独记。
【妙语诠释】①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s,但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/发音结尾(也就是单词如果以ch,sh,s,x等结尾),则一般加es;②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox—oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth。
初中英语语法:句型转换
Ⅰ.题型介绍
所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子A,再根据括号内的要求(有时没有明确,须自己观察),在第二个句子B的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。
Ⅱ.题型分类
从形式上看,有如下几种形式:①某一词或词组的转换;②词组与句子的转换;③同义句型的转换;④为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目。
从内容上看,此题型涉及的面较广,主要有:①句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句(肯定与否定)、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换;②句子结构方面的转换。即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换;③语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换;④常用句型与词汇手段的转换。
Ⅲ.具体分类如下
一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换
1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句,大部分是用not来改变谓语结构,但也有借用否定意义的词,如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, hardly等,例如::
A:Tom does well in maths.
B:Tom doesn't do in maths.
A:He has much to do.
B:He has nothing to do.
A:All of my classmates like art.
B:None of my classmates likes art.
2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少,来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如:
A:My brother often has breakfast at school.
B: Does your brother often have breakfast at school?
A:Tom's already weak in English.
B:Tom's already weak in English, isn't he ?
A:The red light changes every two minutes.
B:How often does the red light change?
3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性,来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式,例如:
A:This is an interesting book.
B:What an interesting book this is!
或 How interesting this book is!
◆ 初中英语中考知识点总结
1 . 关于数学中因式分解的一般步骤内容学习,我们做下面的知识讲解。
2 . 在定语从句中,不管出现任何情况,主句的结构必须完整,即主句必须有主语和谓语,缺一不可,否则,整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较:
3 . Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthethingsandthepersonsthattheycouldremember
4 . 关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构,因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用,例如:
5 . IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoBeijing
6 . SheisthemostbeautifulgirlthatIhaveeverseen/met
7 . (分析双重否定句的语气比肯定句更重一些,但句意不变,方法是加两个否定词:“不……不”或“非……不可”等。
8 . Thisisthebook(which/thatyouwant
9 . 【知识平台】
10 . 反问是用疑问的形式表达比肯定更强烈的情感。
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